We use 2019 Medicare claims data linked to CMS Overall Hospital Quality Star Ratings to measure how the sorting of Black patients to different hospitals within the same healthcare markets affects racial gaps in hospital quality.
Although full practice authority (FPA) laws are often framed as offering nurse practitioners (NPs) full autonomy from physicians, several recently enacted FPA laws include time-in-practice (TIP) rules that require NPs to maintain a supervisory practice agreement with a physician for a specified period.